Drag Coefficients Explained: Which Kind Of Car Is Slippiest?
Drag force can either be seen as a help or a hindrance depending on the automotive application. In motorsport, race car design is one big battle between low drag and downforce, with the happy-medium being active aerodynamics to decrease the induced drag from devices like large rear wings.
In the real world, road cars only really need to decrease drag force, especially in this age of fuel consumption obsession. The main component that judges whether a car is aerodynamically efficient is known as the drag coefficient, effectively giving a value to how well a vehicle can cut its way through air.
Drag force on a vehicle acts on the same plane as the direction of motion (horizontally) and increases exponentially as speed increases. This makes a car’s aerodynamic properties particularly important for hypercar developers like Bugatti. A low coefficient is conducive to high top speed and low fuel consumption, while a higher drag coefficient is generally found in cars searching for high cornering speeds influenced by downforce.
To understand exactly what this value means, let’s take a look at the engineering equation used to calculate the coefficient:
This equation uses:
• FD - Drag force
• ρ - Air density
• V - Air speed
• A - Frontal area
It shows that a car’s coefficient of drag can be found by analysing the drag force acting on the car at a given speed. The component within the equation that will have the largest effect on car design will be the frontal area, as this will shape the front profile of the car, influencing the rest of the design. This is why something like a Bugatti Veyron sits nice and snug on the tarmac with a small and efficient frontal profile when compared to something like a family saloon or hatchback.
The drag force can be found either through physical testing in a wind tunnel or through computational fluid dynamics (or CFD) which simulates the fluid flow through a computer programme. Although both methods can be accurate, nothing in the engineering world beats physical testing, where the true real world effects of the air passing over the car can be recorded to influence any design tweaks needed to the bodywork.
Stories have floated around Formula 1 paddocks of trusting CFD analysis on front and rear wings only for them to completely defy aerodynamic logic during a race weekend. So there really is no replacement for either scale or full-size aerodynamic testing in a wind tunnel.
The value of drag coefficient for a something of the general dimensions of a car lies around the 0.3-0.4 mark. Extremes are created by such machines as the eco-friendly solar powered vehicles you see companies producing now and again like the Shell Ecorunner V that somehow achieves a coefficient of just 0.05. At the other end of the spectrum are the single seat racers, with some heavily-aeroed Formula 1 cars seeing values of up to 1.1.
To provide a reference for drag coefficients given to certain cars, here’s a quick run-down of some values that may surprise you:
Alfa Romeo Giulia - 0.25
Porsche 911 997 GT2 - 0.32
Ford Focus RS - 0.355
Alfa Romeo Disco Volante - 0.26
Shell Ecorunner V - 0.05
Formula 1 car - 0.7-1.1
Car manufacturers have been including drag coefficients within their car’s stats much more in the last decade, coinciding with the transition towards eco-friendly motoring. Most hatchback and saloon car producers want you to seem like you’re coursing down the motorway at 70mph without disturbing the slightest bit of air, cutting through it like a slippery salmon.
On the contrary, some drag force is very much needed to keep all four wheels firmly stuck on the tarmac in a controllable manner, and of course you want to make sure some airflow is slapping up against the radiators and other heat exchangers that your vehicle may have to maximise cooling. It seems the industry has very much settled on producing cars in the 0.3 region, both from a design and practicality point of view, but stray below that and you will save plenty cash on your monthly fuel bill, along with a very healthy potential top speed.
Do you know of any cars that have particularly low drag coefficients? Are you surprised at how slippery some cars are compared to others? Comment with your thoughts below!
Comments
My Focus has a .31 cd, which I’m mildly impressed with when looking at these other vehicles.
Our family’s Galaxy has a CW coefficient of 0,32 :P but it has a really big frontal area compared to your car. By the way, I hate it when people compare the drag coefficient of a F1 car and a truck, the latter has obviously a much higher drag than the other one
Opel Calibra
cw of 0.26 - in 1989
Another car where the prices are soon going through the roof.
And it has not to be the 4x4 Turbo.
I was trying to avoud all of this going back to college this week D:
Mechanical engineer by any chance?!
These boxes have a cw of 0.29 lol
Air is so scared to get crushed by this car that it just steps away to let it through, hence low cw…
Better than my rx8s 0.30… That’s worrying
WTF!
I love this comment. Volvo ftw.
Just don’t tell them how many MPG or l/100km XD
0.2 a while ago
I remember that the new C-class has a CW coefficient of 0,23, but I really doubt that that E-Class got a 0,2, more like 0,26 or so
VW XL1 has a drag coefficient of 0.186.
In comparison, the closely related VW XL Sport has a drag coefficient of 0.258.
Omg, I have seen this ugly pos in Person at a dealership, and gosh, this thing is so ugly, it nearly made me throw up
My BSA 0.000000000000000000000000000000000001 FTW
Do I even want to know?
~0.54 as mercedes claims
A Lada doesn’t have a drag coefficient because there is no drag with perfection.
Ladas aren’t quite perfect, but they aren’t that bad.
RWD,Light, some people like the design(not the 2107, that thing looks horrible with that grille), cheap, easy to modify
My 2012 VW (Passat) CC has a pretty Impressive Drag coefficient with a cw of .28
Its still just a glorified passat though lol